Gambling is an activity where wealth changes hands based on chance and often involves risk to the gambler. It is an activity that often exploits vulnerable people and is linked to a range of harms including financial stress, relationship breakdown, mental illness and suicide. Harms associated with gambling can be long-lasting and intergenerational. It is a complex issue and requires a holistic response that is integrated across policy sectors. The most effective approach is prevention, and a range of interventions can be used. These include universal pre-commitment (requiring people to set binding limits on their time and money spent gambling) and self-exclusion (allowing people to ban themselves from gambling providers). Prevention measures that are designed to reduce the availability of gambling products and promoters are also important.

Almost anyone can develop a problem with gambling. There are no age restrictions, and people can start gambling as early as the age of 10. It is a highly addictive activity that can affect any family or individual. In many cases, gambling becomes a substitute for emotional and psychological needs, such as feeling in control or being a sense of excitement.

The prevalence of gambling is partly due to its widespread availability and accessibility. Opportunities to gamble are often disproportionately located in areas of higher disadvantage, and advertising and promotions are aggressive. They can be shaped by sponsorship or colocation with popular sporting leagues, and can target children. The socialization of gambling products – the process through which they become normalised in society – is an important factor that drives uptake and harm.

Problem gambling is often accompanied by other forms of addiction, such as substance misuse and eating disorders. These comorbidities can have even greater societal costs. Gambling addiction is associated with mental health problems, and has a direct impact on the wellbeing of the affected person and their family. Consequently, it is important to consider treatment options for those with gambling problems and to provide support in the context of other addictions.

Some people with gambling problems find it difficult to recognise the problem, or they are unable to stop. This can lead to a vicious cycle where debts accumulate and bills are not paid. It can also be difficult to seek help because of the stigma attached to gambling problems. In extreme cases, some people have resorted to self-harm and suicidal thoughts. However, support usually helps reduce these feelings and gambling disorder can be treated.

To help prevent gambling problems, try to limit your access to cash and credit cards. You can also delete gambling apps and remove them from your phone and computer, close online betting accounts and let a trusted friend or family member manage your finances. Finally, consider joining a peer support group like Gamblers Anonymous or Alcoholics Anonymous – both have shown to be beneficial for people with gambling problems. Finding new interests and activities is also key, and you may find that exercise, hobbies or volunteering can fill the void left by gambling.